1. Lifting system In order to lift and lower the drilling tool, lower casing, and control the drilling pressure and feed the drilling tool, the drilling tool is equipped with a lifting system. The lifting system includes winches, auxiliary brakes, overhead cranes, touring cars, large hooks, wire ropes, and various tools such as lifting rings, lifting cards, lifting tongs, and kava. When lifting, the winch drum winds the wire rope, the overhead crane and the ambula form a sub-pulley set, and the large hook rises through the lifting ring, lifting card and other tools to achieve the lifting of the drilling tool. When lowering, the drilling tool or casing column is lowered by its own weight, and the lowering speed of the large hook is controlled with the help of the brake mechanism and auxiliary brake of the winch. During normal drilling, the feeding speed of the drilling tool is controlled by the brake mechanism, and part of the weight of the drilling tool is applied to the drill bit as drilling pressure to achieve the crushing of the rock formation.

2. Rotation system The rotation system is a typical system of the turntable drilling rig, its function is to drive the drilling tool to rotate to break the rock formation, and the rotating system includes turntable, faucet, drilling tool. According to the different wells drilled, the composition of drilling tools is also different, generally including square drill pipes, drill pipes, drill collars and drill bits, in addition to centralizers, shock absorbers and mating joints. Among them, the drill bit is a tool for directly breaking rock, and there are scraper drill bits, tooth wheel drill bits, diamond drill bits and other types. The weight and wall thickness of the drill collar are large and are used to apply drilling pressure to the drill bit, which connects the surface equipment to the bottom equipment and transmits torque. The section of the square drill pipe is generally square, the turntable drives the entire drill string and drill bit rotation through the square drill pipe, the faucet is a typical component of the rotary drilling rig, which not only bears the weight of the drilling tool, but also realizes the rotational movement, and also provides a channel for high-pressure mud.

3. Circulation system In order to carry the broken cuttings of the drill bit at the bottom of the well to the ground in time for continued drilling, and at the same time, in order to cool the drill bit to protect the well wall and prevent drilling accidents such as well collapse and leakage, the rotary drilling rig is equipped with a circulation system. The circulation system includes drilling pump, surface manifold, mud tank, mud purification equipment, etc., of which the surface manifold includes high-pressure manifold, riser, hose, and mud purification equipment includes vibrating screen, desanding device, sludge remover, centrifuge, etc. The drilling pump sucks the mud from the mud tank, and the mud pressurized by the drilling pump enters the faucet through the high-pressure manifold, riser, faucet, goes down to the bottom of the well through the hollow drilling tool, sprays out from the water hole of the drill bit, carries the cuttings back to the ground through the circular space between the borehole and the drilling tool, and the mud returned from the bottom of the well passes through the mud purification equipment at all levels, removes the solid phase content, and then reuses.

4. Power equipment Lifting system, circulation system and rotation system are the three major working units of the drilling rig, used to provide power, they coordinate the work to complete the drilling operation, in order to provide power to these working units, the drilling rig needs to be equipped with power equipment. The power equipment of the drilling rig includes diesel engine, AC motor and DC motor. Diesel engine is suitable for drilling wells in remote areas without power grid, AC motor relies on industrial power grid or needs diesel engine to send out AC power, DC motor needs diesel engine to drive DC generator to send out direct current, the more commonly used situation is that diesel engine drives the alternator to send out AC power, and then through thyristor rectification, the AC into direct current.